Are Self-Tanners Safe? A Look at the Health Risks of Spray Tans and At-Home Self-Tanners
By La Jolla Vitality Co.
A sun-kissed glow has long been associated with health and beauty, but we now know that tanning from the sun or tanning beds increases the risk of skin cancer and premature aging. Fortunately, self-tanning products, including at-home lotions like Jergens Natural Glow and professional spray tans, offer a way to achieve bronzed skin without exposing yourself to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
But are the chemicals in these products safe?
Overall, current evidence suggests that self-tanners are far safer than intentional UV tanning, although they are not completely without concerns. Understanding the ingredients can help you make informed choices.
How Do Self-Tanners Work?
Most self-tanning products contain dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a simple sugar derived from plant sources such as sugar beets or sugar cane.
DHA reacts with amino acids in the outermost layer of dead skin cells, creating brown-colored compounds called melanoidins. This reaction darkens the skin without affecting the living layers beneath the surface.
Because only the outer dead skin cells are colored, the tan naturally fades as your skin sheds over several days.
Is DHA Safe?
DHA has been used in cosmetic products for decades and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for external application to the skin.
Current research indicates that when DHA is applied to intact skin as directed, only a very small amount is absorbed into the body. Most experts consider topical self-tanners to have a favorable safety profile.
Importantly, DHA does not appear to damage DNA the way ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds does.
What About Jergens Natural Glow and Similar Products?
Popular gradual tanning lotions, including Jergens Natural Glow, generally contain lower concentrations of DHA than professional spray tans.
Because they build color gradually over several days, these products often expose users to smaller amounts of DHA with each application.
In addition to DHA, many gradual tanning lotions contain moisturizing ingredients such as:
Glycerin
Shea butter
Coconut oil
Vitamin E
Plant extracts
These ingredients help maintain skin hydration while gradually developing color.
For most healthy adults, products like Jergens Natural Glow are considered safe when used according to the manufacturer's directions.
Are Spray Tans Different?
Professional spray tans also rely primarily on DHA but are applied as a fine mist.
Unlike lotions, spray tanning creates the possibility of inhaling DHA or getting it into the eyes, nose, or mouth.
Although there is limited evidence regarding long-term inhalation of DHA, experts recommend minimizing inhalation because the FDA's approval applies only to external skin application, not inhalation or exposure to mucous membranes.
If you choose a professional spray tan:
Close your eyes during spraying.
Keep your lips closed.
Consider wearing nose plugs and protective eyewear if offered.
Follow the technician's instructions carefully.
Are There Other Ingredients to Consider?
Like many cosmetic products, self-tanners may contain:
Fragrances
Preservatives
Botanical extracts
Emulsifiers
Color additives
Most people tolerate these ingredients well, but some individuals may develop skin irritation or allergic contact dermatitis.
If you have sensitive skin:
Perform a patch test before using a new product.
Choose fragrance-free products when possible.
Discontinue use if significant redness, itching, or rash develops.
Does a Fake Tan Protect Against the Sun?
No.
A self-tan changes the appearance of your skin but provides little to no meaningful sun protection.
Even if your skin appears darker, ultraviolet rays can still damage your skin.
Continue to:
Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher).
Seek shade during peak sunlight hours.
Wear protective clothing and hats.
Avoid tanning beds.
Can Self-Tanners Cause Cancer?
At this time, there is no convincing evidence that topical self-tanners used as directed increase cancer risk.
Some laboratory studies have raised questions about whether DHA can generate free radicals when exposed to ultraviolet light. However, these findings have not demonstrated that properly used self-tanners increase cancer risk in humans.
Most dermatologists agree that using self-tanners is substantially safer than tanning in the sun or using indoor tanning beds.
Who Should Be Cautious?
You may want to speak with your healthcare provider or dermatologist before using self-tanners if you:
Have severe eczema or psoriasis.
Have open wounds or irritated skin.
Have a known allergy to self-tanning ingredients.
Experience frequent allergic skin reactions.
Pregnant individuals should consult their healthcare provider before using spray tanning products, particularly because of the potential for inhalation. Topical self-tanning lotions are generally considered lower risk because systemic absorption through intact skin appears to be minimal.
Tips for Safer Self-Tanning
To get the best cosmetic results while minimizing potential risks:
Apply self-tanners only to healthy, intact skin.
Wash your hands thoroughly after application.
Avoid inhaling spray tanning mist.
Moisturize regularly to promote even fading.
Do not rely on a self-tan for sun protection.
Continue using sunscreen every day.
The Bottom Line
If you're looking for a bronzed glow, self-tanners are generally a much healthier alternative to tanning in the sun or using tanning beds. At-home lotions contain DHA, which has been used safely for decades when applied to the skin as directed. Current evidence suggests that only minimal amounts are absorbed through intact skin, and there is no convincing evidence that topical use increases cancer risk.
Professional spray tans also avoid harmful UV exposure but should be used carefully to minimize inhalation of the tanning mist.
As with any cosmetic product, choose reputable brands, perform a patch test if you have sensitive skin, and remember that even the best fake tan is not a substitute for sunscreen. Healthy skin is beautiful skin, whether it's fair, tan, or anywhere in between.
Medical Disclaimer
The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. It should not replace consultation with your physician, dermatologist, or another qualified healthcare professional. If you have a history of severe skin allergies, chronic skin conditions, or concerns about cosmetic ingredients, consult your healthcare provider before using self-tanning products. Always follow the manufacturer's directions and continue practicing sun-safe behaviors, including daily sunscreen use.
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